- Industry: Art history
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Term Symbolism coined 1886 by French critic Jean Moréas to describe poetry of Mallarmé and Verlaine. Soon applied to art where describes continuation, in face of Impressionism, Realism, Naturalism, of traditional mythological, religious and literary subject matter, but fuelled by new psychological content, particularly erotic and mystical. Complex international phenomenon but especially French (Moreau, Redon, Gauguin), Belgian (Khnopff, Delville), and British (Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Watts, Beardsley).
Industry:Art history
A term associated with the style of symbolic representation of observed reality favoured by Paul Gauguin and his followers at Pont-Aven in the 1880s, whereby the artwork, rather than offering naturalistic representation, synthesises the subject-matter with the emotions of the artist and aesthetic concerns. An exhibition of 'Synthétisme' was mounted by the Pont-Aven artists in 1889 and the 'Groupe Synthétiste', including Gauguin and Emile Bernard, was founded in 1891. Another follower of the movement, Paul Sérusier, founded the Nabis group.
Industry:Art history
Loosely describes a group of artists who radically re-thought the object of art in the late 1960s early 1970s. They sought to connect with the political developments of the decade and make their art more responsive to the world around them. Building on the structures of Minimal art and Conceptual art, they reacted against art's traditional focus on the object by adopting experimental aesthetic systems across a variety of media including photography, dance, performance, painting, installation, video and film. Examples of Systems art include Richard Long who imposed rigid structures to his walks across the landscape.
Industry:Art history
Alain Minc and Simon Nora first used the term Telematic in the late 1970s to describe the way computers transmit information. In the early 1990s, the British artist and theorist Roy Ascott coined the term Telematic art to describe art that uses the internet and other digital means of communication, like email and mobile phones, in order to make a more interactive form of art. Much of the writing surrounding Telematic art focuses on the human aspect of the medium; the desire to communicate with another, even in the virtual world, and how this is central to the creation of the medium. (see Browser art; Digital art; Net art; Software art)
Industry:Art history
Refers to art that is dependent on technology and has a durational dimension. Usually time-based media are video, slide, film, audio or computer based and part of what it means to experience the art is to watch it unfold over time according to the temporal logic of the medium as it is played back. Early examples of time-based media date back to the 1960s, in particular the art of Bruce Nauman, who would record happenings to be played back in the gallery. His Performance Corridor, made in 1968, was a recording of a performance in which people edged their way down a dark narrow tunnel. Since Nauman's early explorations, artists have also experimented with the elasticity of the medium in order to stretch time and space. In 1993 Douglas Gordon slowed down Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho to twenty-four hours.
Industry:Art history
A large-scale contemporary art exhibition that occurs every three years. Like a biennial it is often attached to a particular place and is typified by its national or international outlook. The Tate Triennial showcases new developments in British art and is always curated by a different person, often a director of another art institution. Other triennials include the Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art, which was established in 1993, is the only major international exhibition to focus on art from Asia, the Pacific and Australia.
Industry:Art history
triptych, is painting of three panels, from Greek ''ptychi'', =side, fold etc
Industry:Art history
Family name of dynasty that from 1485 to 1603 provided five British monarchs from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (Elizabethan). As cultural term tends most usually to refer specifically to reign of Henry VIII and his two immediate successors Edward VI and Mary I. Art in England during Henry's reign exemplified by Holbein who created iconic image of the King (National Portrait Gallery, London). Holbein had English follower, Bettes. Holbein succeeded by Scrots as court painter to Henry, and then Edward. Mary's court painter was Eworth, who remained active well into reign of Elizabeth and is now seen as a dominant figure of the time.
Industry:Art history
First used in relation to the cultural phenomenon of the 1960s and early 1970s, exemplified in what was called the underground press, magazines like Oz, International Times, East Village Otherand The San Francisco Oracle and in the comix of West Coast America. Its precursors were the Beat Generation and the Paris Existentialists, groups that were perceived to exist outside or on the fringes of popular culture. These days the term Underground art is used to describe a subculture of art, like Graffiti art or Comic Strip art. Since the late 1990s the Internet has become a forum for underground art thanks to its ability to communicate with a wide audience for free and without the support of an art establishment. (See Net art)
Industry:Art history
Vellum and parchment are made from the skins of calves, goats and sheep. While there is no sharp distinction between the two, vellum is generally a finer quality than parchment, since it is made from younger hides and so is smoother and has fewer or finer hair follicles. Parchment, made from the skins of older animals, tends to be coarser.
Industry:Art history
